{"id":10637,"date":"2017-04-02T21:56:53","date_gmt":"2017-04-02T18:56:53","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/?p=10637"},"modified":"2018-11-25T21:31:21","modified_gmt":"2018-11-25T19:31:21","slug":"nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\/","title":{"rendered":"Nyaya and\u00a0Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study"},"content":{"rendered":"

<\/p>\n

\u039a\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u03a1\u039f \u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d & \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d \u03a3\u03a0\u039f\u03a5\u0394\u03a9\u039d \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u03a9\u039d<\/h3>\n

\u03a4\u039c\u0397\u039c\u0391 \u0395\u03a1\u0395\u03a5\u039d\u03a9\u039d<\/h3>\n
\u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2: <\/strong>\u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf-\u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2 <\/strong><\/div>\n
\u0395\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2:<\/strong> \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2<\/div>\n
\u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2:<\/b> Nyaya and Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study
\n\u038c\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong> \u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae<\/b>: \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2<\/div>\n
\u0388\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7:<\/strong> \u0394\u03b5\u03ba\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 2016. \u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7:<\/b> \u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9
\n\u0393\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c2: <\/b><\/strong>\u0391\u03b3\u03b3\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/div>\n
\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1,<\/strong> e-mail:<\/strong>  dc113@student.london.ac.uk<\/span><\/div>\n
<\/div>\n

\"Nyaya-Aristotle-cover\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\n

\u039f \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae Ny<\/span>\u0101ya<\/span> \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Gautama<\/span> \u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b8\u03c1\u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf \u038c\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7, \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 2000 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf \u03b2\u03b1\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf  \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 20\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b1.<\/p>\n

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\u0397 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b7, \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9.<\/p>\n

\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae. \u03a0\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2. \u039c\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf.<\/p>\n

\u03a4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03c7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n

\u0395\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03c9\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf :  \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac; \u039c\u03ae\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5; \u039c\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b7\u03b3\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1\u03ca\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03ce\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03c2; \u03a0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2; \u03a5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \/ \u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2;<\/p>\n

\u039f\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03ae\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03bf\u03b7\u03b8\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7.<\/p>\n

\n

\u03a0\u0395\u03a1\u0399\u0395\u03a7\u039f\u039c\u0395\u039d\u0391<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

1.<\/span>            <\/span>INTRODUCTION<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

2.<\/span>            <\/span>FOUNDATION OF LOGIC – CATEGORIES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

3.<\/span>            <\/span>INDUCTION<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

4. <\/span>           <\/span>DEDUCTION<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

5.<\/span>            <\/span>SYLLOGISMS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

6.<\/span>            <\/span>NYAYA REASONING<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

7.<\/span>            <\/span>NYAYA PRINCIPLES<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

8.<\/span>            <\/span>NYAYA ARGUMENTS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

9.<\/span>            <\/span>COMPARISON OF THE TWO SYSTEMS OF LOGIC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10. <\/span>        <\/span>CONNECTION WITH PROPOSITIONAL LOGIC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11.<\/span>         <\/span>SIMILARITIES WITH FIRST ORDER LOGIC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11.<\/span>         <\/span>NYAYA AND PARACONSISTENT LOGIC- LINKS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

12.<\/span>         <\/span>ARISTOTELIN AND MODAL LOGIC<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

13.<\/span>         <\/span>MANY VALUED LOGICS<\/span>   <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

14.<\/span>         <\/span>SYNOPSIS – CONCLUSIONS<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

\u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u039f\u0393\u03a1\u0391\u03a6\u0399\u0391<\/span><\/span><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n

\u0391\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/span>. (1994). <\/span><\/span>\u0391\u03a0\u0391\u039d\u03a4\u0391<\/span><\/span> <\/i>(Vols. 23-27) (<\/span><\/span>\u039d\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2<\/span><\/span>, <\/span><\/span>\u0397<\/span><\/span>. <\/span><\/span>\u03a0<\/span><\/span>., Trans.). <\/span><\/span>\u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1<\/span><\/span>: <\/span><\/span>\u039a\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Hilbert, D. & Ackermann, W. (1999). <\/span>Principles of mathematical logic<\/span><\/i> (Hammond, L. M., Leckie G. G. & Steinhardt, F. Trans.). Rhode Island: AMS Chelsea publishing. (Original work published 1938).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Kant, I. (2014).  <\/span><\/i><\/span>\u039b\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae<\/span><\/i> [Logik, ein handbuch zu vorlesungen<\/i>] <\/span>(\u03a4\u03b1\u03c3\u03ac\u03ba\u03bf\u03c2, \u03a7., <\/span>Trans<\/span>.). \u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1<\/span>: Printa. (Original work published 1800).<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Keith, B. A. (1921). <\/span>An exposition of the NY\u0100YA and VAIC\u0327ES\u0323IKA Systems. <\/span><\/em>Oxford: Clarendon Press. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Priest, G. (2012). <\/span>An Introduction to Non-Classical Logic<\/span><\/i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sinha, N. (1923).<\/span> The Vai\u015be\u1e63ika S\u00fbtras of Kan\u0323\u00e2da.<\/span><\/i> Allahabad: Vijaya Press.<\/span>  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tarski, A., (2013). <\/span>Introduction to Logic and to the Methodology of the Deductive Sciences<\/span><\/i> (Helmer, O., Trans.). Mansfield Centre, USA: Martino Publishing. (Original work published 1941).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tomassi, P. (1999). <\/span>Logic. <\/span><\/i>New York: Routledge.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Vidy\u00e2bhu\u1e63ana, Mah\u00e2mahop\u00e2dhyaya Sat\u00ee\u015ba Chandra (1913). <\/span>The Ny\u00e2ya Sutras of<\/span>  <\/span>Gotama. <\/span><\/i>Allababad: Indian Press. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\n

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\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u03a7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 IN\u0394IKA<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ae \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd;<\/span><\/a> IN\u0394IKA 2017<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u039a\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u03a1\u039f \u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d & \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d \u03a3\u03a0\u039f\u03a5\u0394\u03a9\u039d \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u03a9\u039d \u03a4\u039c\u0397\u039c\u0391 \u0395\u03a1\u0395\u03a5\u039d\u03a9\u039d \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf-\u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2  \u0395\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2: Nyaya and Aristotelian Logic: A<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10637","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-parousiasivivlion"],"yoast_head":"\nNyaya and\u00a0Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study - \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0395\u03a4\u0391\u0399\u03a1\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a5 & \u0391\u039d\u0391\u03a0\u03a4\u03a5\u039e\u0397\u03a3<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"el_GR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Nyaya and\u00a0Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study - \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0395\u03a4\u0391\u0399\u03a1\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a5 & \u0391\u039d\u0391\u03a0\u03a4\u03a5\u039e\u0397\u03a3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u039a\u0395\u039d\u03a4\u03a1\u039f \u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d & \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u03a9\u039d \u03a3\u03a0\u039f\u03a5\u0394\u03a9\u039d \u0391\u0398\u0397\u039d\u03a9\u039d \u03a4\u039c\u0397\u039c\u0391 \u0395\u03a1\u0395\u03a5\u039d\u03a9\u039d \u03a4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1\u03c2: \u0395\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03bf-\u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03a3\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03b4\u03ad\u03c2  \u0395\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u0395\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2: \u0395\u03ba\u03c0\u03cc\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b2\u03ae\u03c2 \u03a4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2: Nyaya and Aristotelian Logic: A\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0395\u03a4\u0391\u0399\u03a1\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a5 & \u0391\u039d\u0391\u03a0\u03a4\u03a5\u039e\u0397\u03a3\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/indikanet\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2017-04-02T18:56:53+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-11-25T19:31:21+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/word\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/04\/Nyaya-Aristotle-cover.gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"elinepa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@indohellenic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@indohellenic\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"elinepa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u0395\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ac\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"elinepa\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/bc55125588137d941583f580cd00b106\"},\"headline\":\"Nyaya and\u00a0Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study\",\"datePublished\":\"2017-04-02T18:56:53+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-11-25T19:31:21+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":369,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"http:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2017\\\/04\\\/Nyaya-Aristotle-cover.gif\",\"articleSection\":[\"\u03a0\u0391\u03a1\u039f\u03a5\u03a3\u0399\u0391\u03a3\u0397 \u0392\u0399\u0392\u039b\u0399\u03a9\u039d & \u03a4\u0391\u0399\u039d\u0399\u03a9\u039d\"],\"inLanguage\":\"el\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/elinepa.org\\\/el\\\/nyaya-and-aristotelian-logic-a-comparative-study\\\/\",\"name\":\"Nyaya and\u00a0Aristotelian Logic: A Comparative Study - 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