{"id":374,"date":"2006-12-31T10:59:40","date_gmt":"2006-12-31T08:59:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/2012\/12\/31\/2012-12-31-10-59-40\/"},"modified":"2025-10-07T12:30:51","modified_gmt":"2025-10-07T09:30:51","slug":"siba-the-dionysus-of-india","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/siba-the-dionysus-of-india\/","title":{"rendered":"\u03a3\u0399\u0392\u0391 &#8211; \u039f \u0394\u0399\u039f\u039d\u03a5\u03a3\u039f\u03a3 \u03a4\u0397\u03a3 \u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u0391\u03a3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 <a href=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/dimitrios-vassiliadis\">\u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7<\/a><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"307\" height=\"232\" src=\"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/research-shiva1.gif\" alt=\"research-shiva1\" class=\"wp-image-370\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5 &#8211; Brahma, Vishnu \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 Shiva, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1. \u039f \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Mahakala \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 &nbsp;\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd (lingam), \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc \u03cc\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf (yioni). \u03a4\u03bf lingam \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf yioni \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03c3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b7\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 Rudra. \u0397 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b1\u03c1\u03b7. \u039c\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Agni, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 Maruts, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03af \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u039f \u03a1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf, \u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2. \u0398\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2, \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03c5\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03b8\u03ac, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1, \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2. \u0391\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ac \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u2019 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf &#8211; \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2. \u0386\u03b3\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b2\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"224\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/pashupati.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-33144\" srcset=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/pashupati.jpg 224w, https:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/pashupati-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2006\/12\/pashupati-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 224px) 100vw, 224px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p> \u0397 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd (Pashupati) \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ce\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03c6\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c6\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c0\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 Mohenjo-daro (4000-2000 \u03c0.\u03a7.) \u03b4\u03af\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03cc. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03ae \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b1 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03cc\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03ba\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b3\u03cd\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b6\u03ce\u03b1 \u2013 \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ce\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b9\u03bb\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u039f\u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03ac\u03b4, \u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03c5\u03c8\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ae, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2, \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b5\u03c5\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03bd\u03bf\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u038c\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u2019 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd.&nbsp; \u039f \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ae\u03c1\u03be\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03be\u03b5\u03b9. \u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5. \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd (Atman) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 (Brahman) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0397 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 (Moksha).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ad\u03c0\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Ramayana \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Mahabharata \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u0392\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03a1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1. \u039f \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0392\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 (Vaishnavas) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 (Shaivas), \u03bf\u03b4\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03b5\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bc\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac 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\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 Puranas, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b9 \u038a\u03c9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (Yavanas \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac) \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac Turvasha, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4o\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 Rig Veda \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1 \u03c0.\u03a7. \u0395\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 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\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bb\u03b8\u03cc\u03bd.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u0392\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf-\u0394\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0397\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1-\u0391\u03bb\u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03b5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae. \u039f\u03b9 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bf\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u039a\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03bd\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b9\u03cc\u03bd\u03c5\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0397\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1. \u039f\u03b9 \u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0388\u03bb\u03bb\u03b7\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"150\" height=\"260\" src=\"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/research-shiva2.jpg\" alt=\"research-shiva2\" class=\"wp-image-372\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 (mahadeva \u03ae mahesa) \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03b9\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u03bc\u03ad\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd (vishvanatha) \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03be\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1&nbsp; \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae (mahayogi). \u0393\u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c5\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c7\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03c1\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1. \u039f \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03ba\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd, \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03af\u03b3\u03c1\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd \u03ae \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1. \u039c\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (jatadhahara) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03ae \u03c6\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c6\u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03cd (candrashekhara), \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b2\u03bb\u03cd\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7\u03c2 (gangadhara). \u039f \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c6\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 (kapalamalin). \u0395\u03ba\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ae\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c0\u03ad\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 tandava. \u03a3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03ad\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1 (trishula), \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd (gunas) \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2&nbsp; (prakriti) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd (shakti-s). \u03a4\u03b1\u03be\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf (nadi) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9&#8217; \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b2\u03bb\u03ad\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ac\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bc\u03b1&nbsp; \u03c4\u03b1\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03c3\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf \u03ba\u03ac\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/research-shiva3.gif\" alt=\"research-shiva3\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039f \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c7\u03ce\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03ad\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 1008 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd\u03cd\u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Nataraja \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03b8\u03cc\u03c1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03b1 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03cc\u03c0\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Nilakantha \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03ac\u03b6\u03b9\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc&nbsp; \u03b4\u03b7\u03bb\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c0\u03b9\u03b5 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03c9\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Bhutanatha (\u03ae Bhuteshvara) \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03ce\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2&nbsp; \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Mrityunjaya \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Pancanana \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03ac\u03bb\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Ardhanareshvara \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2&nbsp; \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03af\u03ba\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp; \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03c2 (\u03a3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9). \u03a3\u03b1\u03bd Trilocana \u03ae Trayambaka, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u039aama \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b6\u03c5\u03b3\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 Parvati \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2, \u03bf \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf Ganesha \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03cd\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03cc\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5, Kartikkaya \u03ae Skanda \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03bd\u03ae\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/shiva-nataraja.gif\" alt=\"shiva-nataraja\" class=\"wp-image-120\" width=\"222\" height=\"240\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 Kailasa \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u039d\u03cc\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf \u0398\u03b9\u03b2\u03ad\u03c4. \u0397 \u03b1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c0\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03bc\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 (pandits) \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c3\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ac\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b5\u03c7\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd. \u039f \u03b1\u03c0\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03bc\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7. \u03a4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ba\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc\u03c2, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc\u03c2 (jyotirlingam). \u039f\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u2019 \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b8\u03b1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bb\u03cc\u03b3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b2\u03ac\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7 \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03af\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c4\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03ae\u03ba\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03ce\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ae\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf\u03b9 \u0392\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03bc\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03bf\u03af (sadhus), \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b1\u03b6\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c8\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc&nbsp; \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 (\u039a\u03b1\u03c3\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b1\u03bd\u03c3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac). \u039c\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b9&nbsp; \u03cd\u03bc\u03bd\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7. \u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03af, \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03bc\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b5\u03be\u03b9\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7, \u03ba\u03bf\u03c5\u03b2\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac \u03b2\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03cc \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0393\u03ac\u03b3\u03b3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 (lingam) \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b2\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b4\u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03b3\u03c9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2. \u0399\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03b8\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u0394\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c7\u03c9\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"196\" height=\"269\" src=\"http:\/\/elinepa.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/research-shiva4.jpg\" alt=\"research-shiva4\" class=\"wp-image-373\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03bf \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf \u03b5\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf \u03b3\u03b5\u03b3\u03bf\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u039c\u03c0\u03b5\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03c6\u03b9\u03c3\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b7 <a href=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/mahashivaratri-article\/\">\u039c\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9<\/a>, \u03bf \u03b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b2\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd 13<sup>\u03b7<\/sup> \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03bd\u03cd\u03c7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b9\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bc\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 Caitr (\u03a6\u03b5\u03b2\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2-\u039c\u03ac\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2). \u039c\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bd\u03b1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c7\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03cc\u03bb\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b5\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03bc\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03bd\u03b1 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\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b9\u03bb\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ba\u03c5\u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc \u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c7\u03c1\u03c5\u03c3\u03cc \u03bd\u03b1\u03cc \u03bc\u03ad\u03c7\u03c1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac \u03c4\u03bf \u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03c5 \u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 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\u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c7\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 (bhang) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03ac\u03bd \u03c3\u2019 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cd\u03c7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u039c\u03ac\u03c7\u03b1 \u03a3\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9, \u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1, \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bd\u03ce\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ad\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03ac \u03a3\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf \u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03cd\u03bd\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03cd\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b4\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b9\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \u03a4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03bf \u03b3\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b6\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae \u03b3\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0399\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03b1\u0390\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03c5\u03b2\u03b5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac \u03bf\u03bb\u03cc\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><u>\u0392\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1:<\/u><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Arora, U.P. 1981.&nbsp;<em>Motifs in Indian Mythology &#8211; Their Greek &amp; Other Parallels.<\/em>&nbsp;N. Delhi. Indika Publishing House.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bhandarkar, Ramkrishna Gopal. 1913.&nbsp;<em>Vaishnavism, Shaivism and Minor Religious Systems<\/em>. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services (second reprint 1987).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dahlquist, Allan.1962.&nbsp;<em>Megasthenes and Indian Religions &#8211; A Study in Motives and Types.&nbsp;<\/em>&nbsp;Uppsala. Almqvist &amp; Wiksell.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Danielou, Allen. 1984.&nbsp;<em>Shiva and Dionysos.<\/em>&nbsp;New York. Inner Traditions International.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dyczkowski, M.S.G. 1988.&nbsp;<em>The Canon of the Saiv<\/em><em>\u03b1gama and the Kubjika Tantras of the Western Kaula Tradition<\/em>. New York. State University of New York.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mishra, Kamlakar.&nbsp;1993.&nbsp;<em>Kasmir Shaivism: The Central Philosophy of Tantrism<\/em>, Cambridge, Massachusetts, Rudra Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u039c\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1\u03ca\u03bb\u03af\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2,&nbsp;\u0391\u03c0\u03cc\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2. 1993.&nbsp;\u00ab\u0391\u03b3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b9 \u039b\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0398\u03b5\u03bf\u03cd \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1\u00bb.&nbsp;<em>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1<\/em>. No. 304, \u03c3\u03b5\u03bb\u03c2. 64 &#8211; 69.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nagar, Shanti Lal. 1994.&nbsp;<em>Shiva in Art, Literature and Thought<\/em>. New Delhi. Indus Publishing Company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u03a4\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2,&nbsp;\u0393\u03b9\u03ac\u03bd\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2. 2002.&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/elinepa.org\/el\/cd-documentaries\/mahashivaratri\/\"><em>\u039c\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9&nbsp;\u2013&nbsp;\u039f \u0393\u03ac\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1<\/em><\/a>.&nbsp;\u0391\u03b8\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1 \u2013 \u0392\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9.&nbsp;Cinergon (\u03bd\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vassiliades, Demetrios Th. 2000.&nbsp;<em>The Greeks in&nbsp;<\/em><em>India: A Survey in Philosophical Understanding<\/em>, N. Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorenzen, D.N. 1972.&nbsp;<em>The Kapalikas and Kalamukhas: Two Lost Saivite Sects.<\/em>&nbsp;Berkeley and Los Angeles. University of California Press.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0396\u03b9\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2, \u0393\u03c1\u03b7\u03b3\u03cc\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03c2. 1986.&nbsp;<em>\u0399\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u0398\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd. \u03a4\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u0391. \u03a4\u03b1 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u0398\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03ba\u03b5\u03cd\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1.<\/em>&nbsp; \u0398\u03b5\u03c3\u03c3\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd\u03af\u03ba\u03b7. \u0395\u03ba\u03b4\u03cc\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03a0. \u03a0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c1\u03b1.&nbsp; \u0395\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03ba\u03b4\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7&nbsp;&nbsp;1996.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0394\u03b7\u03bc\u03ae\u03c4\u03c1\u03b7 \u0392\u03b1\u03c3\u03b9\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b7 \u039f \u03b8\u03b5\u03cc\u03c2 \u03a3\u03af\u03b2\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03c9\u03c0\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ac\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03b3\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u0399\u03bd\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03bf\u03c5 &#8211; Brahma,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2598,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"colormag_page_container_layout":"default_layout","colormag_page_sidebar_layout":"default_layout","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[132],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-meletes-arthra"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>\u03a3\u0399\u0392\u0391 - \u039f \u0394\u0399\u039f\u039d\u03a5\u03a3\u039f\u03a3 \u03a4\u0397\u03a3 \u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u0391\u03a3 - \u0395\u039b\u039b\u0397\u039d\u039f-\u0399\u039d\u0394\u0399\u039a\u0397 \u0395\u03a4\u0391\u0399\u03a1\u0395\u0399\u0391 \u03a0\u039f\u039b\u0399\u03a4\u0399\u03a3\u039c\u039f\u03a5 &amp; 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